Understanding QR codes - PJ Lee and Associates

Unlocking QR Codes: Understanding Risks and Staying Safe

Dear Readers,

QR codes have become ubiquitous in our digital lives, appearing on everything from product packaging to restaurant menus. While they offer convenience and efficiency, they also pose risks when misused by cybercriminals in social engineering attacks. In this newsletter, we’ll explore what QR codes are, how they’re used in social engineering, and what you need to know to stay safe.

What are QR Codes?

QR codes, or Quick Response codes, are two-dimensional barcodes that store information, such as URLs, text, or contact details. They can be scanned using a smartphone camera equipped with a QR code reader app, instantly directing users to the encoded content.

How are QR Codes Used in Social Engineering?

Cybercriminals leverage QR codes in various social engineering tactics to deceive users and steal sensitive information:

Malicious URLs: QR codes can direct users to phishing websites designed to mimic legitimate sites, tricking them into entering personal information or installing malware.
Fake Apps: Scanning QR codes can prompt users to download malicious apps disguised as legitimate ones, compromising their device’s security and privacy.
Wi-Fi Network Spoofing: Attackers can create QR codes that automatically connect users to fake Wi-Fi networks, enabling them to intercept internet traffic and steal data.

Staying Safe with QR Codes:

Verify the Source: Only scan QR codes from trusted sources. Be cautious of codes found in unsolicited emails, messages, or random websites.
Inspect the URL: Before scanning a QR code, examine the URL it leads to by hovering over it (if on a computer) or expanding the link preview (if on a smartphone). Look for suspicious domains or misspellings.
Use QR Code Scanners with Security Features: Choose QR code scanner apps with built-in security features, such as URL scanning and threat detection, to identify potentially harmful links.
Avoid Unknown Wi-Fi Networks: Refrain from connecting to Wi-Fi networks via QR codes in public places. Instead, manually connect to trusted networks or use a secure VPN for added protection.
Keep Software Updated: Ensure your smartphone’s operating system and apps are up to date to patch any security vulnerabilities that could be exploited by malicious QR codes.
Be Wary of QR Code Overlays: Exercise caution when scanning QR codes displayed as overlays on physical surfaces, as they could be tampered with or replaced with malicious ones.
Educate Others: Share awareness about QR code security risks with friends, family, and colleagues to collectively combat social engineering attacks.

By following these precautions and staying vigilant, you can protect yourself from falling victim to QR code-based social engineering attacks and safeguard your personal information and devices.

Stay informed, stay cautious, and stay safe.

QR Scam Example: You receive an email or a text message claiming to offer a special discount or a prize. The message urges you to scan a QR code to claim your reward. Excited about the offer, you scan the QR code using your smartphone’s camera.

Unbeknownst to you, the QR code redirects you to a malicious website designed to resemble a legitimate retailer’s website. The site prompts you to enter personal information, such as your name, address, phone number, and credit card details, to claim the prize or discount.

After entering your information and clicking “Submit,” you receive a message thanking you for your submission. However, the promised reward never materializes, and your personal information has now been harvested by cybercriminals.

In this example, the QR code scam lured you in with the promise of a reward but ultimately tricked you into divulging sensitive information to malicious actors. Always be cautious when scanning QR codes, especially from unknown sources, and verify the legitimacy of offers before providing any personal information.